In India, around 70% of the population earns its
livelihood from agriculture. It is an important source of raw material for many
agro-based industries. Farming is practiced in various ways across the world.Depending upon the geographical conditions,
demand for products, labour and level of technology, farming can be classified
into:
This farming is
practiced to meet the needs of the farmer’s family. Cultivation techniques are
primitive and simple. Farmers mostly cultivate cereals along with oil seeds,
pulses, vegetables and sugarcane.
Commercial Farming
This farming is just
the opposite to subsistence farming. In this system, farmers use inputs like
irrigation, chemical fertilisers, insecticides, pesticides and High Yielding Varieties of seeds etc.Some of
the major commercial crops grown in different parts of India are cotton, jute, Sugarcane, groundnut etc.
Intensive and Extensive Farming
They differ on the
amount of production per unit of land. When we use a large patch of land for
cultivation then we call it extensive farming. India does not practice
extensive cultivation. The best example of intensive cultivation is in Japan
where availability of land for cultivation is Very limited. In India, it is practiced in
Kerala.
Plantation Farming
In this type of
agriculture, a single cash crop is grown for sale. eg : Tea, coffee, rubber,
banana, and spices.
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